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Qaitbay Citadel on the Mediterranean coast of Alexandria
MAMLUK FORTRESS · MEDITERRANEAN ALEXANDRIA

Qaitbay Citadel Alexandria

Stand at the edge of the Mediterranean inside one of Alexandria’s most iconic fortresses, built in the 15th century on the site of the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria.

LOCATION Eastern Harbour
BUILT 1477–1479 AD
FOUNDER Sultan Qaitbay
DURATION 1–1.5 Hours
HIGHLIGHT Main Tower
BEST FOR Fortress & Sea Views
FORTRESS AT THE EDGE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN

Qaitbay Citadel: Alexandria’s Great Mamluk Sea Fortress

Qaitbay Citadel is one of the most important defensive fortresses on Egypt’s Mediterranean coast. Sultan al-Ashraf Abu al-Nasr Qaitbay ordered its construction between 1477 and 1479 AD to strengthen Alexandria against naval attack.

The fortress stands at the eastern end of the ancient Pharos Island, over the ruins and site associated with the Lighthouse of Alexandria. Built mainly of limestone, the complex covers approximately 17,550 square metres and is surrounded by defensive walls and towers.

Inside, visitors can explore the main three-storey tower, inner courtyard, defensive passages, rooms once used as barracks and storage, and elevated viewpoints overlooking Alexandria’s Eastern Harbour and the Mediterranean Sea.

Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria

Why Qaitbay Citadel Belongs on Your Alexandria Journey

A Landmark Mamluk Fortress
Walk through a major 15th-century defensive monument built to protect Alexandria from naval attack.
Site of the Ancient Pharos
Stand where the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria once marked the entrance to the harbour.
Exceptional Sea Views
Look across the Mediterranean and Eastern Harbour from one of Alexandria’s most dramatic historic settings.
Easy to Combine
Pair the citadel naturally with Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque, the Corniche and Bibliotheca Alexandrina.
EXPLORE THE FORTRESS

Discover Ten Highlights of Qaitbay Citadel

Explore the fortress from its main tower and defensive walls to its inner courtyard, vaulted passages, sea views and connection with ancient Pharos.

Choose a Bibliotheca Alexandrina Highlight
Main tower of Qaitbay Citadel
THE HEART OF THE FORTRESS

Main Tower

3Storeys

The massive square main tower dominates the citadel. Its three levels preserve defensive spaces, passages and architectural features designed for a coastal stronghold.

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Qaitbay Citadel at the site of ancient Pharos
WHERE AN ANCIENT WONDER ONCE STOOD

Pharos Site

PharosHistoric Site

The citadel stands on the site associated with the Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

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Inner courtyard of Qaitbay Citadel
INSIDE THE DEFENSIVE COMPLEX

Inner Courtyard

CourtyardCentral Space

The entrance leads into an inner courtyard connecting the main tower with surrounding defensive, service and storage spaces.

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Stone corridor inside Qaitbay Citadel
MOVEMENT INSIDE THE CITADEL

Stone Corridors

RoutesDefensive Circulation

Narrow corridors and internal openings show how movement inside the fortress was controlled and protected.

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Historic stairs inside Qaitbay Citadel
CLIMBING THROUGH THE FORTRESS

Historic Stairways

LevelsVertical Access

Stone stairways connect different levels of the citadel and lead visitors deeper into its defensive architecture.

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Upper stairway inside Qaitbay Citadel
CLIMBING TO HIGHER LEVELS

Upper Stairways

StepsFortress Movement

Additional stairways and narrow passages reveal how compactly the main tower was organised for defence and circulation.

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Window opening inside Qaitbay Citadel
WATCHING THE COASTLINE

Sea Windows

ViewsMediterranean Outlook

Openings in the thick walls frame the Mediterranean and show why this exposed coastal position was strategically important.

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Vaulted ceiling inside Qaitbay Citadel
STONEWORK ABOVE THE PASSAGES

Vaulted Ceilings

VaultsArchitectural Detail

The interior preserves vaulted stone ceilings and compact defensive spaces that give the citadel much of its atmosphere.

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Ventilation and lighting design inside Qaitbay Citadel
PRACTICAL MAMLUK DESIGN

Light & Ventilation

DesignAir & Light

Domed spaces and carefully placed openings demonstrate practical solutions for light and ventilation inside the thick stone structure.

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Defensive walls of Qaitbay Citadel
BUILT TO FACE NAVAL ATTACK

Defensive Walls

WallsDefence System

Outer walls and defensive towers formed a coastal protection system created to guard Alexandria against attacks from the sea.

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BEFORE YOU GO

Everything You Need to Know Before Visiting Qaitbay Citadel

Plan a smooth visit with practical advice about opening hours, ticket prices, walking conditions, sea weather and combining the citadel with nearby Alexandria landmarks.

VISITOR INFORMATION

Current Opening Hours

The Ministry currently lists Qaitbay Citadel as open daily from 9:00 AM to 8:00 PM.

BEST VISITING TIME

Go Earlier in the Day

Morning or late afternoon usually gives you more comfortable light, cooler temperatures and time to enjoy the waterfront without rushing.

RECOMMENDED DURATION

Allow 1–1.5 Hours

Most travellers can explore the main tower, courtyard, passages and viewpoints comfortably in around one to one and a half hours.

TICKETS

Check Current Admission

Current official prices are EGP 200 for foreign adults and EGP 100 for foreign students, and EGP 60 / EGP 30 for Egyptian adults and students.

WHAT TO WEAR

Wear Comfortable Shoes

Expect stone floors, steps and uneven historic surfaces, so supportive footwear is the practical choice.

LOCAL ADVICE

Expect Sea & Wind

The waterfront location can be breezy even when central Alexandria feels warm. A light layer can be useful outside summer.

GUIDED VISIT

Use a Guide for Context

An Egyptologist can connect the Mamluk fortress with the ancient Pharos lighthouse, Alexandria’s harbour and the city’s defensive history.

ESSENTIAL TIP

Combine Nearby Landmarks

Pair the citadel with Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque, the Alexandria Corniche and Bibliotheca Alexandrina according to the pace of your day.

Travel note: Opening times, ticket prices and access to individual areas can change. Confirm the latest official details shortly before your visit.

MAKE THE MOST OF YOUR VISIT

Explore Qaitbay Citadel with a Private Guide

Add Qaitbay Citadel to a private Alexandria day designed around your interests, with comfortable transport and expert historical context.

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DID YOU KNOW?

Remarkable Facts About Qaitbay Citadel

The fortress links medieval Alexandria with the site of one of the ancient world’s most famous monuments.

1477

Construction Began

Sultan Qaitbay began construction of the fortress in 1477 AD as part of Alexandria’s coastal defence system.

17,550

Square Metres

The official monument description gives the citadel complex an area of approximately 17,550 square metres.

Pharos

Ancient Lighthouse Site

The fortress was constructed over the ruins and site associated with Alexandria’s ancient lighthouse.

3

Main Tower Floors

The massive square main tower rises through three floors and is reinforced by semi-circular corner towers.

ALEXANDRIA EXPERIENCES

Experience Qaitbay Citadel Your Way

Choose a real Alexandria or heritage programme and ask us to include Qaitbay Citadel when it fits the itinerary, timing and group interests.

CONTINUE EXPLORING

Nearby Attractions in Alexandria

Qaitbay Citadel sits at the western edge of Alexandria’s Eastern Harbour, close to several enjoyable waterfront and heritage attractions.

Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque in Alexandria
Approx. 5 Minutes

Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque

Visit one of Alexandria’s best-known mosques in the historic Anfushi district.

Explore Site
Alexandria Corniche on the Mediterranean
Approx. 5–10 Minutes

Alexandria Corniche

Continue along Alexandria’s Mediterranean waterfront for classic harbour and city views.

Explore Site
Bibliotheca Alexandrina exterior
Approx. 15 Minutes

Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Discover Alexandria’s modern library and cultural centre overlooking the Mediterranean.

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Alexandria National Museum
Approx. 15 Minutes

Alexandria National Museum

Trace Alexandria and Egypt through Pharaonic, Greco-Roman, Coptic, Islamic and modern collections.

Explore Site
FAQ

Qaitbay Citadel Visitor Questions

Essential answers for planning your visit to Alexandria’s landmark Mamluk sea fortress.

What is Qaitbay Citadel?

Qaitbay Citadel is a 15th-century Mamluk fortress built by Sultan al-Ashraf Qaitbay to strengthen Alexandria’s Mediterranean defences.

When was Qaitbay Citadel built?

Construction took place between 1477 and 1479 AD during the reign of Sultan Qaitbay.

Was Qaitbay Citadel built on the Lighthouse of Alexandria?

The citadel stands over the ruins and site associated with the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria at the eastern end of Pharos Island.

How long should I spend at Qaitbay Citadel?

Around one to one and a half hours is comfortable for the main tower, courtyard, passages and sea viewpoints.

What are the current opening hours?

The current official schedule lists Qaitbay Citadel as open daily from 9:00 AM to 8:00 PM. Recheck before visiting.

How much are current tickets?

The current official listing is EGP 200 for foreign adults and EGP 100 for foreign students, and EGP 60 / EGP 30 for Egyptian adults and students.

What can I see inside the citadel?

Visitors can explore the three-storey main tower, courtyard, defensive passages, chambers, walls, towers and viewpoints over the Mediterranean.

Is Qaitbay Citadel suitable for children?

Yes, but families should supervise children closely around stairs, stone passages and elevated historic areas.

What attractions are close to Qaitbay Citadel?

Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque, the Alexandria Corniche, Bibliotheca Alexandrina and Alexandria National Museum are practical additions to the same day.

How do I add Qaitbay Citadel to my Egypt tour?

Ask Egypt Travel Consultant to include the citadel in a private Alexandria itinerary or tailor one of the existing Alexandria and heritage programmes around your interests.

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